Pigment dyeing by exhaust process

Recipe for cationisation

·      Cationizing Fixing agent --- 3 to 6 %

·      Acetic acid (60%) ---- 2%

·      Temperature: room temperature

·      Time: 10 minutes

Recipe for dyeing

·      Pigment ---- as required for shade

·      Dispersing agent ---- 3%

·      Temperature: 70 ^oC

·      Time: 10 minutes

Recipe for Fixation

·      Binder ---- 5%

·      Acetic acid (60%)---- 0.5%

·      Dispersing agent --- 3%

·      Temperature: 40 ^oC

·      Time: 5-10 minutes

·      Curing: about 150 ^oC

Dyeing Procedure

1.     First the cationisation bath is prepared by adding the required amount of chemicals.

2.     Then the textile material is submerged into the bath and stirred for 10 minutes at room temperature.

3.     After that the bath is dropped.

4.     Then the pigment is prepared by adding the required amount of chemicals.

5.     To it the textile material is added and the temperature is raised to 70 ^oC.

6.     The fabric is stirred in it for 10 minutes and after that the bath is dropped.

7.     Lastly the fixation bath is prepared by adding the required amount of chemicals.

8.     The textile material is put in it and temperature is raised to 40 ^oC.

9.     The fabric is stirred in it for 5 to 10 minutes

10.  Then by hydro-extraction the water is taken out of the textile material.

11.  After that curing is done at high temperature (about 150 ^oC)

To know about pigment dyeing theory please follow the link below

http://texwiz101.blogspot.com/2012/04/pigment-dyeing.html#axzz1sjnGgmbj

Print your T-Shirt at Home

The things that are required are as follows

1.      Embroidery Hoop

2.      Water insoluble Glue

3.      Acrylic Paint

4.      Media (Chemical that can found in stationery shops)

5.      Your Design on a paper

6.      Woven cloth ( the thread density should be low about 30)

7.      Iron for hot pressing

8.      Card board

9.      Paint brushes

Steps

1.      First the woven cloth should be placed tightly in the embroidery hoop.

2.      Then the design should be draw on the cloth in the embroidery hoop.

3.      After that the glue should be applied to the parts of the cloth in the hoop where you “don’t” what your paint to be. Then the glue should be allowed to dry. It might take several hours or few minutes depending on the type of glue used.

4.      To make the acrylic paint suitable for fabric, one part media should be added to two parts of paint. (media : paint = 1 : 2)

5.      Before painting, the card board should be placed inside the T-Shirt so that the paint does not leak to the back part of the T-Shirt

6.      Then the embroidery Hoop should be placed on the T-Shirt where you want your design to be and the entire cloth in the hoop should be covered with the paint.

7.      The paint will leak through the portion where there is no glue and thus the design will form on the T-Shirt.

8.      After that the fabric must be air dried for several hours. The fabric has to be perfectly dried before doing the next step.

9.      At last the card board has to be placed on top of the design and with the iron, hot pressing has to be done on the card board.

This is a way I have adopted to print some of my T-shirts at home. The print is quite temporary as after a few washes the paint might come off (bleeding of the colour may occur). But if done properly you can achieve very good results.

Printing using pigment

Print Recipe

For making 1000 gram paste

·         Pigment -------------------------   x gram (usually 50 to 75 gram is taken)

·         Binder ---------------------------  (3x)/2 +70 gram

·         Thickener (synthetic) ------------   30 gram

·         Urea ----------------------------   20 gram

·         Ammonium Sulphate  -----------    30 gram

·         Water ---------------------------  as much required to make the paste 1000 gram or achieve

                              required viscosity

Reason for using the above chemicals

Pigment: it is the colour

Binder: it helps to form cross-linking and act as an adhesive to hold the pigment together with    

             the fabric.

Thickener: it gives required viscosity to the print paste so that it has pseudo plastic flow.

Urea: it acts as a hygroscopic agent and prevents over drying of the paste.

Ammonium Sulphate: it is an acid donor which helps to make the print paste acidic so that    

                                     binder can function properly.

Method of application

·         First the print paste is made using the above recipe.

·         Then the screen with the particular design is prepared.

·         The fabric is place flat on printing table.

·         Then the screen is placed on top of the fabric exactly where we want our design to be.

·         Then the print paste is placed on top part of the screen away from the design.

·         Using a squeegee the print paste is uniformly applied over the design.

·         Then the screen is removed and the pigment paste on the fabric is allowed to dry. 

How to make Stock Solution of dyes or other chemicals

Basic Concept

To make a X % stock solution

·         Add X grams of chemical to 100 ml water and mix it thoroughly

Example: To make 2% stock solution we need to add 2 grams of the dye or chemical to 100 ml water and mix it thoroughly.

To make Stock Solution in larger amount

The above procedure will give 100 ml of X% stock solution. But in practice we need a lot more than 100 ml stock solution daily in industries.

So to make larger or smaller amount of stock solution we can use the following relation (formula):

To make Y ml of X % stock solution

Y = mililitre of stock solution to be produced

X = percentage of stock solution

We need to add gram of dye and to Y ml of water to get Y ml of X% stock solution and mix thoroughly.

                     

Example: To make 2000 ml (2 Litres) of 5% stock solution of a dye.

We need of dye

                 

Then we have to mix 100 gram of dye to 2000 ml of water and thus we can prepare 2000 ml of 5% stock solution of dye.